The basics of C++ programming language -

Most people get confused with C and C++. in comparison, C++ and C are different language in practice, they share similar elements with each other

think C++ as C only, with some extra features ( oops, Abstraction, inheritance, encapsulation, Polymorphism) and C++ is a Super set of C

Any C program is also a C++ program as we know C++ is a superset of C

A basic C++ program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char str [50];
    cout<< "Enter the characters:";
    cin>>str;
    cout << str<< endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

Enter the characters: hello_there
Hello_there

Here the operator >> means an extraction operator

The operator<< means an insertion operator

Cout is the same as prinf() in C but the benefit of using cout is that you no need to use format specifiers(%f for float, %d for integer), and it is pronounced as “ C out”

Cin is the same as scanf() in C but the benefit of using Cin is that you no need to use format specifiers (%s for string, %f for float), and it is pronounced as “C in”

If you don’t want to use namespace std; then, in that case, you need to use to std:: where (::) is a scope resolution operator

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    char str [50];
   std::cout<< "Enter the characters:";
   std::cin>>str;
   std::cout << str<<std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Declare variable anywhere in the program

C++ allows the declaration of variables anywhere in the program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int arr[5]={50,20,88,90,45};
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
    {
    cout<<arr[i]<<"\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

A general conception in C that first, we declare a variable then we use the variable in a statement

For example, in C we iterate like this

int i;
For(i=0;i<5;i++);

where as in C++ the variable can used where it is declared

for(int i=0; i<5;i++);

Resource

Let us C++ by Yashavant Kanetkar
Let us C by Yashavant Kanetkar
Data structures using C by Reema Thareja

The basics of C++ programming language